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Blockchain Technology

are working on it. A smart home application can be the integration of three technolo­

gies together; cloud technology for storage, Blockchain ledger for maintaining the

records of every transaction, and IoT devices to develop a smart home. Miners are

used in smart homes to enable all high-resource devices to communicate with each

other internally and externally. Blockchain is used in smart homes for controlling

and auditing the communication channel. The process starts with the initialization

of the IoT devices, processing of transactions, communication between the devices,

working of miners, security, etc. Communication between the local devices and the

network is known as a transaction, and according to the security point, access and

requirements, different transactions such as access transaction (to use cloud storage),

monitor transaction (to keep an eye on devices), genesis transaction (to add device)

and remove transaction (to remove devices) are used in smart homes. A shared key is

used between all transactions to perform secure communication, which is distributed

by the miner. Blockchain, which is used locally in the network, can maintain the

record of all transactions according to the policy related to that particular transac­

tion. The miner is responsible for processing all incoming and outgoing transactions

from the smart home. All transaction history is stored in Blockchain, and an external

storage device is attached to the miner to create backup of the data. All the incoming

and outgoing messages will be authorized by the miner to protect the smart home

from attacks. Hierarchical design, for which different levels are embedded in the

system, can be used to protect the system from DDoS attacks. To secure a smart

home, IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) was

used for simulation with three z1 mote sensors sending data to the miner every 10

seconds. It was concluded that the overheads of the proposed system were low and

manageable for low-resource IoT devices. The Australia-based telecommunication

and media company “Telsetra” provides smart home solutions and has implemented

a Blockchain-based solution to ensure data integrity in smart homes.

3.4.2  Case Study II: Supply Chain Management

Solution Using Blockchained IoT

Supply chain management (SCM) refers to the large range of business activities that

require planning, controlling, tracking and execution of product flows from obtain­

ing raw materials to production and distribution to the end users or consumers. Every

trader (merchant) and manager of a firm wants to have access to the processed data

all the time. Along with the accessibility of the data, security of data and integ­

rity are the important aspects when business is concerned. And of course, the other

important aspect is the health of machinery, which is the backbone of production

companies. From the start, the business world has always wanted to spend less and

gain more profit, along with achieving more customers. There is a lack of transpar­

ency in the current supply chain models used in logistics. A combined model can be

helpful in attaining the traceability of packages in the entire network. There is a need

for a higher security level where labelled data processing can generate automated

settlement responses. The secure delivery of packages is a mandatory condition in

shipping logistic processes. The inclusion of Blockchain in IoT-based ecosystems to